Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample (n = 1068)
From: Daily lifestyle behaviors and risks of sarcopenia among older adults
| Studied characteristics | Non-sarcopenia | Sarcopenia | χ2 | Degrees of freedom | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||||
| Sex | 14.00 | 1 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Men | 484 | 48.9% | 21 | 26.9% | |||
| Women | 506 | 51.1% | 57 | 73.1% | |||
| Age group (years) | 15.16 | 1 | < 0.001 | ||||
| 65–74 | 693 | 70.0% | 38 | 48.7% | |||
| 75+ | 297 | 30.0% | 40 | 51.3% | |||
| Residential geographic areas | 6.19 | 3 | 0.103 | ||||
| Northern | 425 | 42.9% | 23 | 29.5% | |||
| Middle | 238 | 24.0% | 20 | 25.6% | |||
| Southern | 272 | 27.5% | 29 | 37.2% | |||
| Eastern and island | 55 | 5.6% | 6 | 7.7% | |||
| Education | 20.07 | 2 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Elementary or below | 357 | 36.1% | 48 | 61.5% | |||
| Middle or high school | 374 | 37.8% | 19 | 24.4% | |||
| University or higher | 259 | 26.2% | 11 | 14.1% | |||
| Marital status | 12.53 | 1 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Married | 781 | 78.9% | 48 | 61.5% | |||
| Unmarried/divorced/widowed | 209 | 21.1% | 30 | 38.5% | |||
| Employment | 8.84 | 1 | 0.003 | ||||
| Full-time | 124 | 12.5% | 1 | 1.3% | |||
| Not full-time | 866 | 87.5% | 77 | 98.7% | |||
| Living status | 5.47 | 1 | 0.019 | ||||
| Alone | 86 | 8.7% | 13 | 16.7% | |||
| Not alone | 904 | 91.3% | 65 | 83.3% | |||
| Body mass index | 12.16 | 3 | 0.007 | ||||
| Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 32 | 3.2% | 5 | 6.4% | |||
| Normal weight (18.5–24 kg/m2) | 496 | 50.1% | 32 | 41.0% | |||
| Overweight (> 24–30 kg/m2) | 312 | 31.5% | 19 | 24.4% | |||
| Obese (> 30 kg/m2) | 150 | 15.2% | 22 | 28.2% | |||
| Food selection | 10.78 | 1 | 0.001 | ||||
| Balanced | 791 | 79.9% | 50 | 64.1% | |||
| Unbalanced | 199 | 20.1% | 28 | 35.9% | |||
| Physical activity | 74.55 | 1 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Sufficient | 861 | 87.0% | 39 | 50.0% | |||
| Insufficient | 129 | 13.0% | 39 | 50.0% | |||
| Sitting time | 10.08 | 1 | 0.002 | ||||
| Low (< 7 h/day) | 145 | 14.6% | 22 | 28.2% | |||
| High (≥7 h/day) | 845 | 85.4% | 56 | 71.8% | |||
| Sleep duration | 4.57 | 1 | 0.033 | ||||
| Suggested (7–8 h/day) | 290 | 29.3% | 14 | 17.9% | |||
| Shorter or longer (< 7 or > 8 h/day) | 700 | 70.7% | 64 | 82.1% | |||