|
Clinical events and epidemiology
|
|
Blood pressure
|
See Supplementary Table 1 Supplementary Material
|
Calculated based on Ha 2011 baseline blood pressure. Reduction in SBP for each intervention was calculated from the reduction of sodium intake with a linear regression using the Law 1991 SBP with no sodium in the diet as reference [13]
|
|
Stroke incidence
|
See Supplementary Table 2 Supplementary Material
|
Ha 2011 [13]
|
|
Relative risk of stroke with change in SBP
|
See Supplementary Table 3 Supplementary Material
|
Cobiac 2012 and intervention specific change in blood pressure from baseline. Each 1% decrease in SBP equals a 6.3% risk reduction for stroke [17]
|
|
IHD incidence
|
See Supplementary Table 2 Supplementary Material
|
Ha 2011 [13]
|
|
Relative risk of IHD with change in SBP
|
See Supplementary Table 4 Supplementary Material
|
Cobiac 2012 and intervention specific change in blood pressure from baseline. Each 1% decrease in SBP equals a 3.4% risk reduction for IHD [17]
|
|
Mortality
|
Vietnam life tables
|
World Health Organisation and Global Health Observatory; age and gender specific [35]
|
|
Mortality following stroke event
|
37%
|
Tirschwell 2012 [36]
|
|
Long term stroke mortality risk
|
Year 1: 3.33Year 2: 2.85Year 3: 3.44Year 4: 2.84Year 5+: 1.56
|
Kiyohara 2003 [37]. Relative risk of patients with history of stroke compared to healthy controls. Model assumes patients have elevated risk of mortality (1.56x higher) compared to “healthy” population
|
|
Mortality of IHD event
|
Age specific mortality risk
|
Southeast Asian NCD impact module dataset through the WHO-CHOICE OneHealth tool
|
|
Long term IHD mortality
|
Year 1: 18.7%Year 2: 25.0%Year 3: 39.2%Year 4+: Revert back to regular population mortality
|
Tang 2007 [38]. Model assumes that after Year 3 patients have same mortality risk as rest of “healthy” population
|
|
Resource use and programme costs reported in ₫ (USD)
|
|
Cost of lowering sodium content by potassium-enriched salt substitutes per capita
|
1791 ₫ (US$ 0.08)
|
Calculated as the cost of a sodium reduction Government subsidy included in the subsidised scenario. Based on:- 534,798 t of salt produced each year [39]- 70% of salt is in cooking salt, fish sauce and bot canh of which 50% of sodium varieties [24]- US$0.04 to develop 1 kg of low sodium salt [40]
|
|
Personnel Costs for policy implementation and management
|
Project coordinator, manager, chief accountant, technical specialist etc.: 511,526,874 ₫ (US$ 22,039) per yearProject administrative assistant/secretary, accountant, interpreter, translator: 295,489,873 ₫ (US$ 12,730.88) per yearClerk, Driver, Auxiliary Staff, Messenger, Cleaner: 155,828,979 ₫ (US$ 6714) per yearPer diem daily subsistence allowance: 4,015,413 ₫ (US$ 173.00)
|
UN-EU 2015 human resource costs inflated to 2019 US$ and converted to ₫ [41].Per diem costs from the International Civil Service Commission [42]
|
|
Human resource requirements for policy implementation and management
|
Webb 2017 eTable2
|
Webb 2017 [26]
|
|
Healthcare costs
|
|
Percent of healthcare costs paid by the Government
|
54%
|
Local expert opinion; WHO 2018 [43]
|
|
Cost of stroke event to Government
|
13,325,677 ₫ (US$ 574.12)
|
Khiaocharoen 2012 (one off event cost) [44]
|
|
Long term cost of stroke to Government
|
0
|
Nguyen 2016 identifies stroke patients are cared for at home by family members [45]
|
|
Cost of IHD event to Government
|
17,297,679 ₫ (US$ 745.25)
|
Nguyen 2016 (one off event cost) [45]
|
|
Long term cost of IHD to Government
|
368,835 ₫ (US$ 15.89)
|
Nguyen 2016 recurring yearly cost for the lifetime of the patient [45]
|
|
Quality of life
|
|
Healthy utility (SBP < 130)
|
Male: 0.734Female: 0.712
|
Nguyen 2015 [46]
|
|
Stage 1 hypertension utility (SBP > 130 and < 140)
|
Male 0.726Female: 0.705
|
Nguyen 2015 [46]
|
|
Stroke event disutility
|
− 0.312
|
GBD 2010 [47]
|
|
Long term post-stroke utility
|
Year 1: 0.66Year 2+: 0.68
|
Luengo-Fernandez 2013 [48]
|
|
IHD event disutility
|
− 0.186
|
GBD 2010 [47]
|
|
Long term post-IHD utility
|
OR = − 0.004
|
Nguyen 2015 odds ratio of patients who had a history of experiencing a cerebrovascular event compared to those without event. Applied to life of patient [46]
|
